Question Smaller objects not rendering when targeting Android

I have a game (asteroids clone) on 2019.4.34f1 that was working well on my previous PC as far as I could tell, but that broke and I had to move it to my backup PC, an old Sandy Bridge system. I copied the source folder as is, and installed the necessary version of Unity, made no changes and ran it targeting android.

The smallest objects, small asteroids, don't render when targeting Android, however the player can still collide with them.
The same happens in the scene view. If I move the editor camera closer, there is a point where they become visible. When I move away, they disappear again, however I can see that I selected "nothing".
If I enlarge them by adjusting the scale property, there is a point where they become visible.
The camera clipping planes are much longer than plane where the objects are rendered, so it's not that.
If I switch to targeting PC, they render fine.

In the game the camera is static, using perspective projection.
Culling mask is everything.

This was my first non-tutorial project, so I don't do anything complex. No weird shaders or anything.

Any ideas where I can look to solve this problem?

 

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