How audio effects are made?

Been wondering how is it possible to create audio effects for a game.

Not realistic effects like walking on the ground, punching etc. but sounds like these:

Listen to the sounds the game makes when user taps the screen, presses buttons or loses.

How is it possible to make such kinds of effects? Do I need to use musical instruments or software?

Hope my question is clear

Thanks in advance

 

Synthesizer. I have several sounds which are capable of making something like this. Remember: everything comes from something.

 

Remove "s or" and you've got it.

 

You can use a daw, like Lmms, Abelton or FL Studio etc. to make sounds.
And you can even make sound effects, with any of the synth plugins,
that are included in the daw.
You can even make sounds, with free 3rd party vst's like Synth 1 or Oatmeal
or even with paid ones, like omnisphere.

Or, you can make or record a sound, put it in audacity and use the built in
special effects, apply it to the sound and create unique sounds.