CommandInvokationFailure: Gradle build failed.

Hello peeps, I've been struggling to build an app to Android on Development mode. See error message below. A weird note is the apk builds to Release mode and it installs but it won't open on the test phone.

Building on:
MacOS Mojave
Unity 2018.2.18f1
Android SDK command line tools (not using Android Studio)
Latest JDK

I've set multiDexEnabled true in my custom gradle template defaultConfig and it doesn't solve the issue.

Any help would be appreciated, thank you!


Error message:
CommandInvokationFailure: Gradle build failed.
/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_192.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java -classpath "/Applications/Unity/Hub/Editor/2018.2.18f1/PlaybackEngines/AndroidPlayer/Tools/gradle/lib/gradle-launcher-4.2.1.jar" org.gradle.launcher.GradleMain "-Dorg.gradle.jvmargs=-Xmx4096m" "assembleDebug"

stderr[

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
Execution failed for task ':transformDexArchiveWithExternalLibsDexMergerForDebug'.
> com.android.builder.dexing.DexArchiveMergerException: Unable to merge dex

* Try:
Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace. Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.

* Get more help at https://help.gradle.org

BUILD FAILED in 1m 2s
]
stdout[
Starting a Gradle Daemon, 1 stopped Daemon could not be reused, use --status for details
reBuild UP-TO-DATE
:FirebasereBuild UP-TO-DATE
:FirebasereDebugBuild UP-TO-DATE
:Firebase:checkDebugManifest
:FirebaserocessDebugManifest
reDebugBuild
:Firebase:compileDebugAidl
:compileDebugAidl
:FirebaseackageDebugRenderscript NO-SOURCE
:compileDebugRenderscript
:checkDebugManifest
:generateDebugBuildConfig
repareLintJar
:generateDebugResValues
:generateDebugResources
:Firebase:compileDebugRenderscript
:Firebase:generateDebugResValues
:Firebase:generateDebugResources
:FirebaseackageDebugResources
:mergeDebugResources
:createDebugCompatibleScreenManifests
rocessDebugManifest
:splitsDiscoveryTaskDebug
:FirebaselatformAttrExtractor
:Firebase:generateDebugBuildConfig
:FirebaserepareLintJar
:Firebase:javaPreCompileDebug
:FirebaserocessDebugJavaRes NO-SOURCE
:compileDebugNdk NO-SOURCE
:mergeDebugShaders
:compileDebugShaders
:generateDebugAssets
:Firebase:mergeDebugShaders
:Firebase:compileDebugShaders
:Firebase:generateDebugAssets
:Firebase:mergeDebugAssets
:mergeDebugAssets
:mergeDebugJniLibFolders
:Firebase:compileDebugNdk NO-SOURCE
:Firebase:mergeDebugJniLibFolders
:Firebase:transformNativeLibsWithMergeJniLibsForDebug
:Firebase:transformNativeLibsWithIntermediateJniLibsForDebug
rocessDebugJavaRes NO-SOURCE
:validateSigningDebug
:Firebase:mergeDebugConsumerProguardFiles
:Firebase:transformNativeLibsWithSyncJniLibsForDebug
:FirebaserocessDebugResources
rocessDebugResources
:generateDebugSources
:Firebase:generateDebugSources
:Firebase:compileDebugJavaWithJavac
:Firebase:transformClassesAndResourcesWithPrepareIntermediateJarsForDebug
:javaPreCompileDebug
:compileDebugJavaWithJavac
:compileDebugSources
:transformClassesWithDexBuilderForDebug
:transformDexArchiveWithExternalLibsDexMergerForDebug FAILED
42 actionable tasks: 42 executed
]
exit code: 1
UnityEditor.Android.Command.WaitForProgramToRun (UnityEditor.Utils.Program p, UnityEditor.Android.WaitingForProcessToExit waitingForProcessToExit, System.String errorMsg)
UnityEditor.Android.Command.Run (System.Diagnostics.ProcessStartInfo psi, UnityEditor.Android.WaitingForProcessToExit waitingForProcessToExit, System.String errorMsg)
UnityEditor.Android.AndroidJavaTools.RunJava (System.String args, System.String workingdir, System.Action`1 progress, System.String error)
UnityEditor.Android.GradleWrapper.Run (UnityEditor.Android.AndroidJavaTools javaTools, System.String workingdir, System.String task, System.Action`1 progress)
Rethrow as GradleInvokationException: Gradle build failed
UnityEditor.Android.GradleWrapper.Run (UnityEditor.Android.AndroidJavaTools javaTools, System.String workingdir, System.String task, System.Action`1 progress)
UnityEditor.Android.PostProcessor.Tasks.BuildGradleProject.Execute (UnityEditor.Android.PostProcessor.PostProcessorContext context)
UnityEditor.Android.PostProcessor.PostProcessRunner.RunAllTasks (UnityEditor.Android.PostProcessor.PostProcessorContext context)
UnityEngine.GUIUtilityrocessEvent(Int32, IntPtr)

 

And here is my stack trace:


Build completed with a result of 'Failed'
0 Unity 0x0000000101a0101c _Z13GetStacktracei + 92
1 Unity 0x0000000100c0beeb _Z17DebugStringToFileRK21DebugStringToFileData + 795
2 Unity 0x0000000101e59536 _ZN15DebugLogHandler12Internal_LogE7LogTypeN4core12basic_stringIcNS1_20StringStorageDefaultIcEEEEP6Object + 310
3 Unity 0x0000000101e5930a _Z35DebugLogHandler_CUSTOM_Internal_Log7LogTypeP10MonoStringP10MonoObject + 330
4 (Mono JIT Code) (wrapper managed-to-native) UnityEngine.DebugLogHandler:Internal_Log (UnityEngine.LogType,string,UnityEngine.Object)
5 (Mono JIT Code) [DebugLogHandler.cs:10] UnityEngine.DebugLogHandler:LogFormat (UnityEngine.LogType,UnityEngine.Object,string,object[])
6 (Mono JIT Code) [Logger.cs:48] UnityEngine.Logger:Log (UnityEngine.LogType,object)
7 (Mono JIT Code) [Debug.bindings.cs:117] UnityEngine.Debug:LogError (object)
8 (Mono JIT Code) [BuildPlayerWindowBuildMethods.cs:187] UnityEditor.BuildPlayerWindow/DefaultBuildMethods:BuildPlayer (UnityEditor.BuildPlayerOptions)
9 (Mono JIT Code) [BuildPlayerWindowBuildMethods.cs:95] UnityEditor.BuildPlayerWindow:CallBuildMethods (bool,UnityEditor.BuildOptions)
10 (Mono JIT Code) [BuildPlayerWindow.cs:892] UnityEditor.BuildPlayerWindow:GUIBuildButtons (UnityEditor.Modules.IBuildWindowExtension,bool,bool,bool,UnityEditor.Build.BuildPlatform)
11 (Mono JIT Code) [BuildPlayerWindow.cs:818] UnityEditor.BuildPlayerWindow:ShowBuildTargetSettings ()
12 (Mono JIT Code) [BuildPlayerWindow.cs:415] UnityEditor.BuildPlayerWindow:OnGUI ()
13 (Mono JIT Code) (wrapper runtime-invoke) object:runtime_invoke_void__this__ (object,intptr,intptr,intptr)
14 libmono.0.dylib 0x0000000136909d3a mono_get_runtime_build_info + 3654
15 libmono.0.dylib 0x0000000136a36946 mono_runtime_invoke + 117
16 libmono.0.dylib 0x0000000136a3c6ec mono_runtime_invoke_array + 946
17 libmono.0.dylib 0x00000001369faffc mono_register_jit_icall + 37386
18 (Mono JIT Code) (wrapper managed-to-native) System.Reflection.MonoMethod:InternalInvoke (object,object[],System.Exception&)
19 (Mono JIT Code) [MonoMethod.cs:222] System.Reflection.MonoMethod:Invoke (object,System.Reflection.BindingFlags,System.Reflection.Binder,object[],System.Globalization.CultureInfo)
20 (Mono JIT Code) [MethodBase.cs:115] System.Reflection.MethodBase:Invoke (object,object[])
21 (Mono JIT Code) [HostView.cs:296] UnityEditor.HostView:Invoke (string,object)
22 (Mono JIT Code) [HostView.cs:289] UnityEditor.HostView:Invoke (string)
23 (Mono JIT Code) [HostView.cs:105] UnityEditor.HostView:OldOnGUI ()
24 (Mono JIT Code) [IMGUIContainer.cs:217] UnityEngine.Experimental.UIElements.IMGUIContaineroOnGUI (UnityEngine.Event,bool)
25 (Mono JIT Code) [IMGUIContainer.cs:378] UnityEngine.Experimental.UIElements.IMGUIContainer:HandleIMGUIEvent (UnityEngine.Event)
26 (Mono JIT Code) [IMGUIContainer.cs:355] UnityEngine.Experimental.UIElements.IMGUIContainer:HandleEvent (UnityEngine.Experimental.UIElements.EventBase)
27 (Mono JIT Code) [EventDispatcher.cs:265] UnityEngine.Experimental.UIElements.EventDispatcherispatchEvent (UnityEngine.Experimental.UIElements.EventBase,UnityEngine.Experimental.UIElements.IPanel)
28 (Mono JIT Code) [UIElementsUtility.cs:244] UnityEngine.Experimental.UIElements.UIElementsUtilityoDispatch (UnityEngine.Experimental.UIElements.BaseVisualElementPanel)
29 (Mono JIT Code) [UIElementsUtility.cs:74] UnityEngine.Experimental.UIElements.UIElementsUtilityrocessEvent (int,intptr)
30 (Mono JIT Code) [GUIUtility.cs:171] UnityEngine.GUIUtilityrocessEvent (int,intptr)
31 (Mono JIT Code) (wrapper runtime-invoke) <Module>:runtime_invoke_bool_int_intptr (object,intptr,intptr,intptr)
32 libmono.0.dylib 0x0000000136909d3a mono_get_runtime_build_info + 3654
33 libmono.0.dylib 0x0000000136a36946 mono_runtime_invoke + 117
34 Unity 0x000000010103541a _ZN19ScriptingInvocation6InvokeEP21ScriptingExceptionPtrb + 106
35 Unity 0x00000001010352f1 _ZN19ScriptingInvocation6InvokeIbEET_P21ScriptingExceptionPtrb + 17
36 Unity 0x000000010054bccf _ZN21IMGUIScriptingClasses12ProcessEventEiPvP21ScriptingExceptionPtr + 319
37 Unity 0x0000000101952b53 _ZN7GUIView19ProcessRetainedModeER10InputEventR8GUIStatei + 83
38 Unity 0x00000001006d7e36 _ZN7GUIView12OnInputEventER10InputEvent + 822
39 Unity 0x00000001019521e2 _ZN7GUIView17ProcessInputEventER10InputEvent + 50
40 Unity 0x00000001006f0651 -[GUIRenderView mouseUp:] + 113
41 AppKit 0x00007fff2f859bf8 -[NSWindow(NSEventRouting) _reallySendEvent:isDelayedEvent:] + 1916
42 AppKit 0x00007fff2f859231 -[NSWindow(NSEventRouting) sendEvent:] + 481
43 AppKit 0x00007fff2f6f64a8 -[NSApplication(NSEvent) sendEvent:] + 336
44 Unity 0x00000001006e2b8b -[EditorApplicationPrincipalClass sendEvent:] + 267
45 AppKit 0x00007fff2f6e3cf1 -[NSApplication run] + 755
46 AppKit 0x00007fff2f6d33f7 NSApplicationMain + 780
47 Unity 0x00000001006e3047 _Z10EditorMainiPPKc + 839
48 Unity 0x00000001006e34c9 main + 9
49 libdyld.dylib 0x00007fff5f37808d start + 1

 

Old thread, but just for future reference as I had it trying to update an old project (Unity 2018). I had this issue when I deleted Firebase from my project but I forgot to delete some plugins related to it, in my case were these files:

/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.annotation.annotation-1.0.0.jar
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.annotation.annotation-1.0.0.jar.meta
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.appcompat.appcompat-1.0.0.aar
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.appcompat.appcompat-1.0.0.aar.meta
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.arch.core.core-common-2.0.0.jar
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.arch.core.core-common-2.0.0.jar.meta
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.arch.core.core-runtime-2.0.0.aar
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.arch.core.core-runtime-2.0.0.aar.meta
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.asynclayoutinflater.asynclayoutinflater-1.0.0.aar
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.asynclayoutinflater.asynclayoutinflater-1.0.0.aar.meta
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.browser.browser-1.0.0.aar
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.browser.browser-1.0.0.aar.meta
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.cardview.cardview-1.0.0.aar
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.cardview.cardview-1.0.0.aar.meta
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.collection.collection-1.0.0.jar
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.collection.collection-1.0.0.jar.meta
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.coordinatorlayout.coordinatorlayout-1.0.0.aar
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.coordinatorlayout.coordinatorlayout-1.0.0.aar.meta
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.core.core-1.0.0.aar
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.core.core-1.0.0.aar.meta
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.cursoradapter.cursoradapter-1.0.0.aar
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.cursoradapter.cursoradapter-1.0.0.aar.meta
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.customview.customview-1.0.0.aar
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.customview.customview-1.0.0.aar.meta
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.documentfile.documentfile-1.0.0.aar
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.documentfile.documentfile-1.0.0.aar.meta
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.drawerlayout.drawerlayout-1.0.0.aar
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.drawerlayout.drawerlayout-1.0.0.aar.meta
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.fragment.fragment-1.0.0.aar
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.fragment.fragment-1.0.0.aar.meta
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.interpolator.interpolator-1.0.0.aar
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.interpolator.interpolator-1.0.0.aar.meta
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.legacy.legacy-support-core-ui-1.0.0.aar
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.legacy.legacy-support-core-ui-1.0.0.aar.meta
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.legacy.legacy-support-core-utils-1.0.0.aar
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.legacy.legacy-support-core-utils-1.0.0.aar.meta
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.legacy.legacy-support-v4-1.0.0.aar
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.legacy.legacy-support-v4-1.0.0.aar.meta
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.lifecycle.lifecycle-common-2.0.0.jar
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.lifecycle.lifecycle-common-2.0.0.jar.meta
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.lifecycle.lifecycle-livedata-2.0.0.aar
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.lifecycle.lifecycle-livedata-2.0.0.aar.meta
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.lifecycle.lifecycle-livedata-core-2.0.0.aar
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.lifecycle.lifecycle-livedata-core-2.0.0.aar.meta
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.lifecycle.lifecycle-runtime-2.0.0.aar
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.lifecycle.lifecycle-runtime-2.0.0.aar.meta
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.lifecycle.lifecycle-viewmodel-2.0.0.aar
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.lifecycle.lifecycle-viewmodel-2.0.0.aar.meta
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.loader.loader-1.0.0.aar
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.loader.loader-1.0.0.aar.meta
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.localbroadcastmanager.localbroadcastmanager-1.0.0.aar
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.localbroadcastmanager.localbroadcastmanager-1.0.0.aar.meta
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.media.media-1.0.0.aar
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.media.media-1.0.0.aar.meta
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.print.print-1.0.0.aar
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.print.print-1.0.0.aar.meta
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.slidingpanelayout.slidingpanelayout-1.0.0.aar
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.slidingpanelayout.slidingpanelayout-1.0.0.aar.meta
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.swiperefreshlayout.swiperefreshlayout-1.0.0.aar
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.swiperefreshlayout.swiperefreshlayout-1.0.0.aar.meta
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.vectordrawable.vectordrawable-1.0.0.aar
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.vectordrawable.vectordrawable-1.0.0.aar.meta
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.vectordrawable.vectordrawable-animated-1.0.0.aar
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.vectordrawable.vectordrawable-animated-1.0.0.aar.meta
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.versionedparcelable.versionedparcelable-1.0.0.aar
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.versionedparcelable.versionedparcelable-1.0.0.aar.meta
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.viewpager.viewpager-1.0.0.aar
/Assets/Plugins/Android/androidx.viewpager.viewpager-1.0.0.aar.meta
/Assets/Plugins/Android/com.parse.bolts.bolts-android-1.4.0.jar
/Assets/Plugins/Android/com.parse.bolts.bolts-android-1.4.0.jar.meta
/Assets/Plugins/Android/com.parse.bolts.bolts-applinks-1.4.0.jar
/Assets/Plugins/Android/com.parse.bolts.bolts-applinks-1.4.0.jar.meta
/Assets/Plugins/Android/com.parse.bolts.bolts-tasks-1.4.0.jar
/Assets/Plugins/Android/com.parse.bolts.bolts-tasks-1.4.0.jar.meta