A way to get mesh-data from within viewpspace without iterating through meshes?

What i try to get is something like a "snapshot" of all the visible meshdata (vertices, vertex connections) from camera perspective or from one point in space. Is there a way to get that data of viewspace only? Something like from the dx ripper years ago.... I'd like to avoid iterating through all meshes. Maybe something like a large decal sent from the camera?

The idea i have right now is to render a spherical depth-image, then iterate through all the mesh data and sample the depth image from the same direction the vertex has, relative to the panorama-point. Then discard all the vertices which are further away.

My goal is to have a convenient and automatic way to bake just the necessary mesh-data and bake a rendered image from the same spot to have something like a room-snapshot from a specific perspective for mobile use.